I am begging you my dear Nadia not to spend your time in weeping about some thing already passed. - From Eli Cohen's last letter to his wife Nadia and his children, written an hour before his execution in Damascus. Before he was executed, Cohen met with a rabbi, as per his request, and sent his wife a letter. "I beg you my dear Nadia do not spend your life weeping for what has past," his final letter read. The unit bombed unoccupied American and British installations, expecting that this would be considered the work of Egyptians. The 2019 'Netflix' miniseries 'The Spy' had actor Sacha Baron Cohen portraying Eli. This material may not be republished without the permission of the copyright owner. He set up a travel agency in Tel Aviv and developed ties with the upper echelons of Israeli society, including politicians. In 1963, new Ramdas replaced Meir Amit for a few months in charge of both a man and Mossad. One of the more famous aspects of his spying regarded a trip he took to the Golan Heights. On the day of his execution, his last wish to see a rabbi was respected by the prison authorities, and Nissim Indibo, the elderly Chief Rabbi of Syria, accompanied him in the truck. Please try again or choose an option below. If so, please join The Times of Israel Community. This version contradicts that of Israel's secret service. During their exchange, Cohen signs off by asking, "Did N get the Singer?" "It was all for good intentions. . Eli expressed his fear and wish to terminate his assignment in Syria during his last visit to Israel in November 1964. Saif calmly replied, Theres nothing to worry about. But his knowledge of. Years later, in February 2007, a Turkish official confirmed that the government had agreed to look into the matter of returning Eli's remains to his family. Israel's minister of defense Pinhas Lavon and colonel Benyamin Gibli head of military intelligence, concocted a dangerous and foolish plan if several terrorist bombings were swept Egypt, the British will return to its former bases and concluded that Egypt's couldn't maintain law and order. Everyone Practices Cancel Culture | Opinion, Deplatforming Free Speech is Dangerous | Opinion, Antoni Porowski Talks New Cookbook, Recipes and Tradition in Cooking, Netflix's 'The Spy': Eli Cohen's Remains Still a Mystery, How to Watch True Crime Series 'Unbelievable' on Netflix. children: Irit Cohen, Shai Cohen, Sophie Cohen, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kxhaPGREa74. He became far less careful in his transmissions to Israel, sometimes calling once or even twice a day and almost always at the same time, at 8:30 in the morning. click the link in that email to complete your registration. [32], John Shea played Cohen in the television film The Impossible Spy (1987),[33] and Sacha Baron Cohen played him in the Netflix miniseries The Spy (2019). [7][9], Israel staged an international campaign for clemency, hoping to persuade the Syrians not to execute him. It takes just a few seconds. He also held parties at his home, which turned into orgies for high-placed Syrian ministers, businessmen, and others, who used Elis apartment for assignations with various women, including Defense Ministry secretaries, airline hostesses, and Syrian singing stars. At these parties such highly-placed officials would talk freely of their work and army plans. when you were three, your family left Lebanon and moved to Egypt Alexandria. He soon established himself in the social and cultural life of the Syrian community of Buenos Aires and was known as a wealthy businessman who was generous, tipped well, and loved the night life. [29] Mossad director Yossi Cohen presented it to Cohen's family in a ceremony, and it is currently on display at Mossad headquarters. In 1962 Eli cohen was in Damascus with crowded mosques and colorful souks, he rented a luxurious villa in the classy Abu Ramen neighborhood, close to the Syrian embassy. In November 1964, Tel Dan Syria open fire on Israel tractors in the demilitarized zone. ", "Former Assad aide: Eli Cohen's burial site unknown],mm", "New footage emerges of Eli Cohen on the gallows", "Mossad Brings Home Watch of Israeli Spy Executed in Syria; Netanyahu Hails 'Brave' Op", "Watch of famed Israeli spy Eli Cohen recovered by Mossad", "The saga of Eli Cohen, Israel's greatest spy", "Will Assad's Ouster Free Body of Israel Spy? China Offering Cutting Edge Type 052D Destroyers For Export: Are Algeria and Russia its Most lIkely Clients? His remains have yet to be returned, despite pleas from his family. Do you rely on The Times of Israel for accurate and insightful news on Israel and the Jewish world? The president was ousted from power a year later in 1966. He was convicted in a trial without a defense and sentenced to death. "He began writing the number but stopped abruptly and, looking flushed and flustered, mumbled under his breath about needing to run out to the supermarket before it closed. Sign in to stop seeing this, Sara Netanyahu accosted by protesters at Tel Aviv hair salon, extricated by police, Brides joy turns to sorrow after Elan Ganeles killed driving to her wedding, Hiker discovers 2,500-year-old ancient receipt from reign of Purim kings father, Netanyahu compares Tel Aviv protesters to settlers who set fire to Huwara. While Eli was not directly involved with the Operation Susannah spies, he was involved with pro-Israel activity, and he was brutally questioned by Egypts Intelligence Services. At the end of 1961, Syria dissolved its union with Egypt, which had lasted a mere three years. He also requested her to remarry so that their children would have a father and she would have a partner. The Israeli government and Cohens widow have for many years sought the return of Elis body. For a while, Cohen tried his hand at civilian life. "We have six grandchildren," she says with pride as she points to a family photo on the wall. But as the journalism we do is costly, we invite readers for whom The Times of Israel has become important to help support our work by joining The Times of Israel Community. (Israel GPO), President Reuven Rivlin and Nadia Cohen, at a ceremony marking the 50th anniversary of the death of Mossad super spy Eli Cohen, May 18, 2015. From 1961 to 1965, Eli transmitted crucial intelligence data, including that of the Golan Heights, to the Israeli army. Warning: This post contains spoilers for The Spy. One of the most difficult tasks for Eli Cohen was to learn the intricate and unmistakable phonetic tune of Syrian Arabic; prior to his intelligence training, his Egyptian accent was undeniable. His trainer was an Iraqi-born Jew who had extensive experience training operatives in speaking Arabic and the traditions and Muslim customs. I beg my wife to forgive me, to take care of herself and our children. Meanwhile, every few days he transmitted important information to his Israeli handlers via a radio transmitter he had hidden in his room. [9], In 1959, he married Nadia Majald, born circa 1935,[10] an Iraqi-Jewish immigrant and the sister of author Sami Michael. Over the years, her relationship with the Mossad and that of her children, Sophie Ben-Dor, Irit Peleg and Shai Cohen, unraveled. Eli Cohen's daughter Sofia Ben-Dor was excited about it because that is all they have. No film or video was previously known to exist of the execution. [12][16], In 2016, a Syrian group calling itself "Syrian art treasures" posted a video on Facebook showing Cohen's body after his execution. Cohen had aided the unit and was implicated, but they found no link between him and the perpetrators. Returning to Nadia is Cohens ultimate goal. As we saw, the Syrians continually harassed Israels northern settlements from 1948-67. I think as long as Bashar Assad is in power I dont see the word progress,' she said, referring to Syrias dictator. He continued his social life, spending a lot of time in cafes listening to political gossip. had succeeded in friending a Saudi entrepreneur who had been contracted to plan and dig canals, the name was his friend was bin Laden, little Osama's father. The following year, Syria found out about Cohen by tracing his intelligence transmissions to Israel. He emigrated to Israel with the assistance of the Jewish Agency. Melita Norwood | longest-serving British spy | Melita Norwood Book, Death, Family, Daughter | melita norwood images. One of them was Colonel Amin al-Hafaz, a supporter of the secular-leftist Baath party. His fathers name was Amin Taabet, and his mothers Saadia Ibrahim. Despite being away from home for months at a time, he fathered three children, Sophie, Irit and Shai. With senior staff officers acting as guides, Eli Cohen was provided an in-depth intelligence briefing of monumental proportions. They even photographed Eli on the Golan Heights, looking over into Israel, alongside the most high-ranking Syrian officers. He had been repeatedly interrogated and tortured. Prime Minister Menachem Begin, Chief of Staff Mordechai Gur, Defense Minister Ezer Weizmann, and many Mossad officials attended Eli's son's bar mitzvah in 1977. Egyptian authorities uncovered the spy ring and sentenced two of the members to death. The next day he comes to Hassan's office and admitted that he is sick and tired to live in Argentina, he wanted to go back to Syria, could he help him with a letter of recommendation? But Sophie was born without seeing his father. In the name of the Syrian Arab people, The Military court has decided in its meeting which was held on Muharram 7th, 1385 - May 8th, 1965 to sentence Eliyahu Ben-Shaul Cohen, a resident of Tel Aviv in Occupied Palestine, to death for committing the following crimes: The crime of disguised entry into a military location. He then underwent a show trial, like the Operation Susannah spies had in Egypt 12 years before., Like them, his verdict was predetermined. The Kinneret supplies Israel with most of its water needs. he transfers all operations to Mossad, Eli was now Mossad agent. The Arabs would have none of it and decided to divert the sources of the Jordan River which originated in Arab-held territory. In this way, the Arabs hoped to deprive Israel of the waters she would need for her national growth. Qudsi was ousted from power as a result of the March 8 coup, but Hafiz did not take power until months later. Prior to the 1952 Egyptian Revolution, Cohen was arrested and interrogated over his Zionist activities. When the Baath took power in 1963, Eli was firmly entrenched in Syrian high society. The Syrians have consistently refused to do so. Do what you must, don't deprive the children of a father. "Suddenly something changed there toward us. He sent intelligence to Israel by radio, secret letters, and occasionally in person; he secretly traveled to Israel three times. The commenter agrees to the privacy policy of Ynet News and agrees not to submit comments that violate the. Following Israel's independence in 1949, when Jewish families were leaving Egypt, Eli stayed back to finish his electronics degree. He has reached the apex of success, and it seems that there is no door he can't open. After weeks of surveillance, he was finalized and was put to training. Eli Cohenbecame certain that Israel had spied in the Syrian government. She smiles. [30], Cohen has become a national hero in Israel, and many streets and neighborhoods have been named for him. One of the ministrys directors entered the room unannounced. Eli kept transmitting reports of a military character, top military orders, reports on new weapons to Israel. It is for these reasons Eli Cohen is known as Israels greatest spy. Nadia believed it and went to see him off at the airport in 1961. The alleged son says the New Zealand Security Intelligence Service (NZSIS) contacted him two years ago believing he has clues to the secret location, which his father had apparently taken to the grave. Today, one can see the former Syrian bunkers that remain on the Golan Heights from 1967 (as well as the tanks from 1973). Instead, he joined the Egyptian merchant marine and was involved in a number of scams, which resulted in his arrest by the Egyptian secret service in 1952. soon Israel's tanks and cannon riposted with heavy fire, and minutes later mirage pounded the Syrian position and blasted the cannon of Syria that was dug. Cohen was born in 1924 in Alexandria, Egypt to a devout Mizrahi Jewish and Zionist family. He then left the university and continued his studies at home. In February 1961 one man handed him an Israeli passport in his real name and a plane ticket to Zurich.on his arrival, Eli was met by a white-haired man who gave him a passport from another name, that passport carried an entry visa to chile and a transit visa to Argentina. When the Golan was captured in 1967, at almost the end of the Six-Day War, settlers in the north could finally feel relieved. [19] He also learned of a secret plan to create three successive lines of bunkers and mortars; the Israel Defense Forces would otherwise have expected to encounter only a single line. [27] Syrian authorities have repeatedly denied family requests for the remains. Israel has had a quiet northern border on the Golan with the exception of some occasional fallout from the Syrian civil war for more than 40years. Al-Gamal was born in 1927 and aspired to become an actor. Still, the memory of those domestic joys sustains Cohen while hes away. At these parties, Cohen "dispensed free-flowing liquor and prostitutes",[1] and highly placed officials would openly discuss their work and army plans. https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/eli-cohen-16869.php. Please use the following structure: example@domain.com, Send me The Times of Israel Daily Edition. Cohen established his contact quickly, his letter of recommendation opened the gates to high society. Eli could watch the entrance to the Syrian government officials' guest house. [26], Monthir Maosily, the former bureau chief of Hafez Al-Assad, claimed in August 2008 that the Syrians had buried him three times to stop the remains from being taken back to Israel via a special operation. A year later, in 1965, Cohen was caught transmitting over the radio back to Tel Aviv. But an interview published in the Cairo Times yesterday with the German-born Weltrude Scheffeldt-Biton suggests that Egyptian intelligence played the most important role in unmasking Cohen. The Syrians and their Russian advisers were alarmed by the intelligence that was seeping out of the country. She has pleaded for years and is still waiting to receive Eli's body. Israel has for decades worked to retrieve his remains. Thank you, David Horovitz, Founding Editor of The Times of Israel, 2023 The Times of Israel , All Rights Reserved, Sophie Ben-Dor (Screen capture: Channel 12 News), This undated photo shows Israeli spy Eli Cohen in Syria wearing a wristwatch recovered by the Mossad in 2018. But in 1965, he was unmasked. He had seventeen lovers in Syria, all dazzling beauties with a fair degree of family power. Eli hoped as did Israeli Intelligence that these women would help him escape in time of crisis.. "The moment that they informed me [of the watch's recovery] my mouth went dry and I got the chills," Nadia told Israeli TV. In March 1963, General Hafez, Eli's friend was appointed minister of defense in salah Al-Birat's cabinet. In Episode 5, Cohen's playboy-esque Thaabet hosts a sex party at his apartment to distract key government and military officials while the Ba'ath Party's military committee seizes power in Damascus. While there are reports that Cohen hosted parties that would devolve into orgies at his apartment, in order to gain the trust of high-level people in power, there's no concrete evidence that he played a role in the March 1963 coup. In 1951, he was arrested and interrogated over his Jewish and Zionist activities that he was carrying out under the tutelage of Alexandria's chief rabbi. He had also participated in various Israeli furtive operations in the country during the 1950s. Spy Eli Cohen Wife Love Story, American History Has Been Whitewashed, But, Black Teen Girls On TV Are A Mess Finally. To no avail. he soon became a well-known figure in the Arab circle. Last year, Israel was able to retrieve Cohens wristwatch from Syria and return it to his family. He took on the name Kamel Amin Thaabet and went to live in Argentina for some time to build a name for himself in the Syrian expat community. Cohen later. Israel attacked the project serval time later they abandon the project in 1965. A month later, a Syrian officer would say that one of Israel's attack architects had been Eli Cohen, who was in Israel during the battle. Egypt has the strongest of the Arab countries and sworn enamy if Israel with the decision to evacuate Egypt, modern bases, airfield, and huge stores of equipment and war material would fall into the Egyptian army. The Spy, which was released Friday, tells the story of Cohen, who spied for Israel in Syria during the 1960s, providing valuable intelligence that was said to have greatly assisted the Israeli military in the 1967 Six Day War. She was told he would be completely safe, and she believed that until his capture in 1965. In 1965, the Syrian secret service was on high alert. Join half a million readers enjoying Newsweek's free newsletters. She once called her children and four grandchildren to her home in Herzliya, clicked a photo of them together, and sent it to Assad, congratulating him on the birth of his son, Bashar. I beg you my dear Nadia do not spend your life weeping for what has passed. Cohen was publicly hanged in the Marjeh Square in Damascus on 18 May 1965. In January 1965, Syrian security services broke into Eli's apartment, where he was caught while he was escaping to Israel. His wife, Nadia, would be left a widow with three very young children. The highly vigilant Russian security experts, equipped with very sensitive technical intelligence-gathering equipment, pinpointed the source of the transmissions in the Syrian capital and it was Elis home. Maurice Cohen told his brother he had a new phone line installed in his house and "gave the number of his apartment in Damascus, which I had received in a message just before he'd come home.". This is adefinitive andfinal verdict. Using Biton, Israel "fed" Egypt with false intelligence that reportedly contributed to the Six Day War victory. Eli was friends with two highly placed Army officers, Colonels Hatoum and Dali, who were fully informed about the scheme. Nadia Cohen attempted to appeal for clemency at the Syrian Embassy in Paris but was turned away. [5], His parents and three brothers left for Israel in 1949, but he remained to finish a degree in electronics and coordinate Jewish and Zionist activities. Ben-Dor was pessimistic that Israel would soon be able to retrieve her fathers body from Syria. Eli visited other Arab friends as Abdel Latif Hassan and his briefcase was full of enthusiastic letters of recommendation. I understand and respect [it], she said in a separate interview earlier Sunday with the network. their chief noticed that their decision taken by the government was broadcast to Israel. The Baath party was rising to power and Eli Cohen wanted to be there when it took power. But he spent most of his time in Tel Aviv perfecting his cover and being briefed on Amans requirements of him in Syria, as well as last-minute intelligence data needed for his mission. His success in effectively penetrating the Syrian social and political/diplomatic/military strata already wildly exceeded Amans expectations of him, Cohen arrived in Damascus in February 1962, posing as a businessman from Argentina who had returned to his native land. The children could not react to Eli's absence. Before leaving, Cohen assured his wife it would be his last trip before he returned home permanently. Syria brought hydraulic engineers and diversion equipment to actualize the scheme. Learn more. Eliyahu (Eli) Cohen, an Egyptian Jew, was born in Alexandria in 1924. Israel desperately tried to have his sentence commuted, and despite requests from world leaders and Pope Paul VI for clemency, Cohen was hanged publicly in May of that year. After the Israel Independence War In 1954, the British pull out of Egypt completely. "I am the son of the only person on this planet who knows where the remains are buried," he told Newshub in an interview. Abdel Latif Hassan immediately wrote four letters one to his brother-in-law, two to friends in Beirut, and fourth to his son in Damascus. [8], Israel's secret police recruited a sabotage unit of Jewish Egyptian citizens in 1955 which attempted to undermine Egypt's relationships with western powers in the "Lavon Affair". He was stunned by the precision of the Israeli bombing during the 1964 attack. (Haim Zach/GPO). His last wish was to see a rabbi. Hence, Nissim Andabo, the elderly chief rabbi of Syria accompanied him to Marjeh Square.. Sacha Baron Cohen in 'The Spy' as Eli Cohen. The Spy, a six-part Netflix miniseries about Cohen's life, showcases the legendary Mossad agent's relationship with his wife, Nadia (Hadar Ratzon Rotem). In early 1964, Eli was able to radio Tel Aviv that the channel was being dug along the entire length of the Syrian Heights to receive the diverted flow of the Baniyas River - one of the Jordans major sources - and empty into Jordanian territory. Eli carefully spelled out all the details of the project and passed them on to Israeli Intelligence. All these years, I remained faithful to him. He organized several protest campaigns against the British rule. The information he had been providing them for years was too good to forego. One of his friends found a new job as an accountant, month later he Marty with Nadia, a nurse of Iraqi origin. Nadia wishes to be buried beside Elis grave. The Mossad, Israel's foreign intelligence service, plans to name one of the buildings in its compound after Eli Cohen - its spy in Syria who was caught in Damascus, tried, convicted and executed 40 years ago. Even today Syria refuses to return his body for burial in Israel. Earlier communication between the alleged son and the intelligence agency reveals Al-Hafidh was adamant on receiving the money. While working as an intelligence officer offer him a job with high pay, Eli didn't say no and become a secret agent. Click the link in that email to complete registration so you can comment. Later, visiting his sister-in-law, Cohen's wife Nadia, he notices that she has a brand new Singer sewing machine in her home. He even trained at the same facility that had served as home to his doomed Susannah compatriots in 1953. He returned to Egypt in 1956 but was suspected immediately and was placed under surveillance. The Spy is streaming globally on Netflix. Eli Cohen was born in Alexandria, Egypt, on December 26, 1924. Nadia and Eli Cohen pictured in the 1960s The 41-year-old was brutally hanged in Marjeh Square in Damascus in front of a crowd of 10,000 people, in May 1965 - and despite his last request to have his body returned to Israel, the Syrian authorities have to this day never disclosed the whereabouts of his remains. What is perhaps most amazing about Eli Cohen is that he was genuinely liked even loved by so many of the top Syrian leaders. Hafiz ordered Cohen's execution after he was convicted of espionage in 1965. Despite her criticism of the series, Ben-Dor said she understood why the shows creators took artistic license with her fathers story. Speaking to Cohen's brother, and to Israeli and Syrian intelligence experts, Sputnik has pieced together a new look at the superspy's incredible life story. thus Israel needed an agent in Damascus (Sami Micheal, Nadia Cohen's brother was recruited. [7], In January 1965, Syrian officials, who used Soviet-made tracking equipment and were assisted by Soviet experts, increased their efforts to find a high-level spy. become close friends. On 18 May 1965, Eli cohen was woken by the jailer and fastened the noose, and hang up, the huge poster was fastened on his chest where his sentence was written in Arabic.Even today Syria refuses to return his body for burial in Israel. Once registered, youll receive our Daily Edition email for free. In January 1965, Syrian security officers broke into Elis apartment while he was in the middle of his escape to Israel. It went wrong, really wrong," he said. He lasted until just July that year when he resigned in protest of the Ba'ath military committee executing dissenting rivals who tried to stage a coup for power. For four years, Cohen posed as a Syrian textile businessman named Kamal Amin Thabet, first in Argentina and later in Damascus. The text messages between Khalid and the NZSIS. He had three brothers. Al-Hafidh claims he was in negotiations with the Mossad to reveal the information, but wanted $1million for his services which the intelligence agency refused to pay. The actor and comedian Sacha Baron Cohen has a . They had three childrenSophie, Irit, and Shaiand the family settled in Bat Yam. In 1963, during a business trip to Germany, he met Weltrude Scheffeldt, a divorcee, then 22 and with a small child, and married her. one evening he met one gentleman, Abdel Latif Hassan, editor in chief of Arab world magazine publish in Argentina. References ^ Eli Cohen Knesset ^ Eli Cohen Ministry of Economy and Industry ^ Kulanu list Central Elections Committee With time he was taken even more into the confidence of the highest echelons of power. Eli married Iraqi Jewish Nadia Majald, sister of Hebrew author Sami Michael, in 1959. In the 1960s, Israel developed a national water carrier which diverted water from the Kinneret into a pipeline that irrigated much of the country and especially Israels arid south. Eli studied at a local Jewish community school and then attended the 'University of Alexandria' to study electrical engineering. At the same time, Israeli officials devised escape schemes and appealed to international organizations. try to make as many friends as possible, and establish contact with Arab leaders. Sacha Baron Cohen, the Mossad and Netflix. Cohen's brothers Abraham and Maurice led a campaign to return his remains; Maurice died in 2006, and Nadia now leads it. Cohen was released because he was not linked with the underground. Eli Cohen was sent to Syria as an undercover agent, and he turned out to be the greatest spy to date. Concentrate on yourself, looking forward for a better future! In 1957, Eli joined the Israel Defense Forces as a counterintelligence analyst and later applied for the Israeli intelligence agency 'Mossad,' which rejected him. In the final episode of The Spy, Cohen's brother Maurice, a Mossad analyst, confronts him after discovering he is the secret Agent 88 in Damascus. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. In November 1965, Eli's wife wrote to Syrian leader Hafez al-Assad, requesting him to send Elis remains back to Israel. he supplies Eli with inside information about the political and military situation. Altogether, he returned to Israel three times between 1962 and 1965. HERZLIYA, Israel (Reuters) - A Netflix drama about Israeli spy Eli Cohen, who infiltrated the Syrian government in the 1960s and was later executed, has received a . After Hafez became Prime Minister, Eli was even considered to be named the Syrian Deputy Minister of Defense. As the Syrian Army officer explained to Eli the fortifications the Syrian Army had built, Eli suggested that the Syrians plant trees there to deceive the Israelis into thinking it was unfortified, as well as to provide shade and beauty for the soldiers stationed there. Eli Cohenalso learned to identify the type and age of tanks, aircraft, and cannons. Some attributed this to a sense of cockiness (despite the fears he had expressed in November 1964), due to the ability and ease he had moved about in the highest echelons of Syrian power. . When Intelligence came by a second time, he jumped at it. Confused, he took the case to the Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security, the official responsible for supervising New Zealand's two main intelligence agencies, telling him he could have solved the 53-year-old mystery. Thats why we started the Times of Israel ten years ago - to provide discerning readers like you with must-read coverage of Israel and the Jewish world. Israels defense planners urgently needed reliable intelligence on the scope of the water diversion project engineering plans, diagrams, maps, and other data and up-to-the-minute assessments of Soviet influence in the Syrian capital, as well as detailed information on plans for the modernization, equipping, and retraining of Syrian forces. Eli Cohen was the man for the job. He made friends who moved in highly influential Syrian circles, transmitting his findings back to Israel via radio. I want him (Yossi Cohen) to clarify what hapepned," said the 84-year-old. His captors later remarked on his noble bearing and his courage despite the horrific Syrian interrogation methods. The complete trust Cohen enjoyed among his unwitting informants is illustrated by the following incident, which might have serious consequences for the Israeli agents. In the fifties, Israel had launched a project of huge pipeline and canals that would carry a part of the jorden river water to the arid Negev region. It hurt. But the series did not give al-Gamal enough credit, she said, and this led her to reveal his memoirs, which he wrote in secret and deposited with a lawyer for safekeeping. Thats when he met Nadia Majald, an Iraqi-born Jewish woman who lived near his brother and his wife.

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